|
|
The Islamic Movement Interactions within the Arab Uprisings: The impact of the Islamic movements interactions on thedemocratization process and the level of radicalization
Saad, Mohamed ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Esposito, John L (referee) ; Muhammad Mady, Abdel-Fattah (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science Dissertation Abstract The Islamist Movement Interactions within the Arab Uprisings The Impact of the Islamist Movements' Interactions on the Democratization Process and the Level of Radicalization Author: Mohamed Saad Supervisor: Janusz Salamon, Ph.D. Year of the defense: 2023 Abstract The Islamist movements played a socio-political role in many Arab and Middle Eastern countries. They provided social services and a resistance ideology, either for the West or local political regimes. They mobilized their supporters in a large social movement that crystallized the Islamic Ummah's relative deprivation and common grievances. In some cases, Islamism was used as a justification ideology to legitimize the ruling regime. Also, it has been used as an ideology to justify the use of radical and jihadist violence. The Islamism involvement in the Arab Spring raised the classic dilemma in a new shape, either to integrate the Islamists in an open political process; however, this integration may undermine democracy and individual rights in the long term, or to exclude the Islamists from the political life in a way that may encourage more Islamists to resort to violence to achieve their goals. The dissertation tests...
|
|
|
The rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: causes and consequences
Čech, Tomáš ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. The main task of this thesis is to describe historical and ideological development of the Muslim Brotherhood. Another task of this work is to describe specific goals and actions of the Brotherhood in the context of political system and civic society of Egypt. This thesis also describes the main characters and events, which influenced course and development of this Islamic movement. In the first part it considers times of Egyptian monarchy, than it moves to description of the presidential regimes of Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak and ends with post-revolution development of Egypt. Besides the whole historical context of the movement thesis also takes on the topic of ideological clash inside the Muslim Brotherhood. This clash, between the more conservative old-guard and young reformist's about the views of the Brotherhood, which was most of the time dominated by the old-guard, eventually resulted in meeting the wishes of the younger generation, which led to the political participation of the Muslim Brotherhood. Thesis therefore continues with the description of this political participation of the Brotherhood and their achievements and failures during this time. In the last part thesis examines post-revolution time in Egypt. It...
|
|
| |
|
|
Comparison of formation and activities of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Jordan
Jelínek, Antonín ; Lepič, Martin (advisor) ; Jelen, Libor (referee)
Muslim Brotherhood is transnational Islamic movement that operates in the countries of northern Africa and the Middle East. Originally it used to be a charity organization focused on various social issues and it only later entered the political scene as well. The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to analyze and compare its activities and achievements within the political systems of Egypt and Jordan. The thesis also aims at verifying explanatory power of the institutionalization theory within the regimes with limited democratic functioning. More specifically, the thesis discusses possible influences of the Muslim Brotherhood's level of institutionalization onto its mobilization potential. The movement originates in Egypt, where it experienced many ups and downs in term of its access to the political arena. In contrast, the position of the Brotherhood was more stable in Jordan, mainly due to the cooperation with the king of Jordan. From the beginning of 90s the movement have participated in the political life of both analyzed countries mentioned above. Getting a presidency seat and majority in parliament in Egypt after the Arab Spring events is considered as the biggest success of the movement so far. Meanwhile in Jordan, the changes after the Arab Spring were not as significant. Nowadays, the...
|
|
|
Party Politics in Intercivilisational Encounters : The Modernity Cleavage
Šimral, Vít ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
PhDr. Vít Šimral, LL.B. (Hons) Party Politics in Intercivilisational Encounters: The Modernity Cleavage Abstract The thesis presents an extension of the Lipset - Rokkan model of cleavage-based party politics. It employs concepts of civilisational analysis, particularly the concept of multiple modernities as devised by Shmuel Eisenstadt, to describe the emergence of anti-Western fundamental movements in Russia and Egypt at the start of the 20th century. The introductory chapter discusses the existing literature and recent trends in mainstream studies of party politics, noting particularly the divergence between research into Western and non-Western political parties. The second chapter focuses on the Rokkanian branch of party studies and the use of the cleavage concept outside the political region of Western Europe. In the third chapter, the concept of 'modernity cleavage' is presented, based on theoretical assumptions common both to the Rokkanian agenda and to civilisational analysis. The fourth and fifth chapters deal with the empirical analysis of two cases, the Russian Communists and Egyptian Muslim Brothers, respectively, with the goal to extract findings from presented historical data through a basic-level comparative and ground-theoretical approach. In the final chapter, the thesis is concluded with a...
|
|
|
Politico-geographical analysis of position of the Islamist parties in Egypt and Tunisia
Jelínek, Antonín ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
The Islamist movements operate in all the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. The mother organization, which is also best-known among the movements, is the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, whose ideas spread quickly into other countries in the region. Although the Islamist movements are ideologically different, they have one similar attribute - focus on various social issues as well as the fact that they originally profiled as charity organizations and they have only recently entered the political scene. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze and compare the activities and achievements of the Muslim Brotherhood (The Freedom and Justice party) and The Movement of Islamic Tendency (The Ennadhda party) within the political systems in Egypt and Tunisia. The thesis also aims at verifying explanatory cleavage of Islamist electorate based on the cleavage theory within Egypt and Tunisia. The biggest success of the Islamist movements so far meant the changes after the Arab Spring. Following this event the Islamist movements won the first free parliamentary election in both countries. However, the political activities of the Muslim Brotherhood did not last so long in Egypt - nowadays the movement exists only illegally and it has been in a difficult position. On the contrary, the...
|
|
|
Comparison of formation and activities of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Jordan
Jelínek, Antonín ; Lepič, Martin (advisor) ; Jelen, Libor (referee)
Muslim Brotherhood is transnational Islamic movement that operates in the countries of northern Africa and the Middle East. Originally it used to be a charity organization focused on various social issues and it only later entered the political scene as well. The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to analyze and compare its activities and achievements within the political systems of Egypt and Jordan. The thesis also aims at verifying explanatory power of the institutionalization theory within the regimes with limited democratic functioning. More specifically, the thesis discusses possible influences of the Muslim Brotherhood's level of institutionalization onto its mobilization potential. The movement originates in Egypt, where it experienced many ups and downs in term of its access to the political arena. In contrast, the position of the Brotherhood was more stable in Jordan, mainly due to the cooperation with the king of Jordan. From the beginning of 90s the movement have participated in the political life of both analyzed countries mentioned above. Getting a presidency seat and majority in parliament in Egypt after the Arab Spring events is considered as the biggest success of the movement so far. Meanwhile in Jordan, the changes after the Arab Spring were not as significant. Nowadays, the...
|
|
|
The rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: causes and consequences
Čech, Tomáš ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. The main task of this thesis is to describe historical and ideological development of the Muslim Brotherhood. Another task of this work is to describe specific goals and actions of the Brotherhood in the context of political system and civic society of Egypt. This thesis also describes the main characters and events, which influenced course and development of this Islamic movement. In the first part it considers times of Egyptian monarchy, than it moves to description of the presidential regimes of Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak and ends with post-revolution development of Egypt. Besides the whole historical context of the movement thesis also takes on the topic of ideological clash inside the Muslim Brotherhood. This clash, between the more conservative old-guard and young reformist's about the views of the Brotherhood, which was most of the time dominated by the old-guard, eventually resulted in meeting the wishes of the younger generation, which led to the political participation of the Muslim Brotherhood. Thesis therefore continues with the description of this political participation of the Brotherhood and their achievements and failures during this time. In the last part thesis examines post-revolution time in Egypt. It...
|
|
|
Party Politics in Intercivilisational Encounters : The Modernity Cleavage
Šimral, Vít ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
PhDr. Vít Šimral, LL.B. (Hons) Party Politics in Intercivilisational Encounters: The Modernity Cleavage Abstract The thesis presents an extension of the Lipset - Rokkan model of cleavage-based party politics. It employs concepts of civilisational analysis, particularly the concept of multiple modernities as devised by Shmuel Eisenstadt, to describe the emergence of anti-Western fundamental movements in Russia and Egypt at the start of the 20th century. The introductory chapter discusses the existing literature and recent trends in mainstream studies of party politics, noting particularly the divergence between research into Western and non-Western political parties. The second chapter focuses on the Rokkanian branch of party studies and the use of the cleavage concept outside the political region of Western Europe. In the third chapter, the concept of 'modernity cleavage' is presented, based on theoretical assumptions common both to the Rokkanian agenda and to civilisational analysis. The fourth and fifth chapters deal with the empirical analysis of two cases, the Russian Communists and Egyptian Muslim Brothers, respectively, with the goal to extract findings from presented historical data through a basic-level comparative and ground-theoretical approach. In the final chapter, the thesis is concluded with a...
|
|
|
The rise of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: causes and consequences
Čech, Tomáš ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. The main task of this thesis is to describe historical and ideological development of the Muslim Brotherhood. Another task of this work is to describe specific goals and actions of the Brotherhood in the context of political system and civic society of Egypt. This thesis also describes the main characters and events, which influenced course and development of this Islamic movement. In the first part it considers times of Egyptian monarchy, than it moves to description of the presidential regimes of Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak and ends with post-revolution development of Egypt. Besides the whole historical context of the movement thesis also takes on the topic of ideological clash inside the Muslim Brotherhood. This clash, between the more conservative old-guard and young reformist's about the views of the Brotherhood, which was most of the time dominated by the old-guard, eventually resulted in meeting the wishes of the younger generation, which led to the political participation of the Muslim Brotherhood. Thesis therefore continues with the description of this political participation of the Brotherhood and their achievements and failures during this time. In the last part thesis examines post-revolution time in Egypt. It...
|
guest ::
